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January 31, 2015 at 12:00 pm #43870Michael WinnKeymaster
Daoism gains a foothold, again, in China
PRI’s The World
January 30, 2015 · 11:30 AM EST
By Matthew BellThe officially atheistic Peoples Republic of China has five official religions. Buddhism, Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism and Daoism. In one sense, Daoism it also gets translated into Taoism might be the most prevalent religious practice in modern China, a half-century after it was nearly stamped out under Mao’s Cultural Revolution. But Daoism is also hard to really put your finger on. And thats because the 2,500-year-old traditions are closely wrapped up with Chinese folk religion. To get a short assessment on Daoisms place in China today, I spoke with Ian Johnson. Hes a Pulitzer prize-winning journalist based in Beijing whos written a lot about religion in the Peoples Republic.
Q. How much is Daoism thriving in modern China?
Of the five main religions, Daoism is probably the weakest in terms of organization and members and places of worship. There are long historical reasons for that, which are somewhat complicated. But I think Daoisms importance is more that it underlies a lot of cultural practices that have a spiritual or religious meaning to people. For example, meditation practices, the way people build homes, feng shui and things like that. Those all stem from Daoism. So it has importance in Chinese culture that probably goes beyond its relatively weak position [compared to the other four main religions in China].
Q Its hard to say with any certainty how many Daoists there are in China, right?
Thats right. I think there is an overall problem in asking that question. Most Chinese have never defined themselves as a member of a religion. Thats really a Judeo-Christian-Muslim, the Abrahamic faiths, define themselves in a way that says, you are this, and you are not this. Whereas in traditional Chinese religions, which is true in other cultures as well, people define themselves more as a member of a village, and everyone from that area went to certain temples or engaged in certain practices. But people would never formally say, Im a Daoist. Or, Im a Buddhist. Now, thats changed somewhat over the last 100 years. But youll still find a lot of people are reticent to say that. If you ask someone, Are you a Daoist?, they might think youre asking if theyre a Daoist priest or a member of a temple and they would just say, No. So, when these opinion surveys are conducted, it often shows that negligible numbers of people are Daoists. But that doesnt really reflect the reality.
Q: What do you think Chinese people make of the Wests fascination with Daoist ideas, such as the Dao De Jing by Lao Zi, or the practices qigong and tai chi, for example?
They probably dont understand it, or they find it a bit odd. But I think its been very helpful to the religion here because it legitimizes it. People can say, Look it cant be that crazy, even these foreigners from advanced Western countries find something of value in it. In the Daoist associations in China, you often see foreign scholars who are very highly valued for coming here. Their works are translated, for example.
One other thing I wanted to add about the relevance of Daoism today. The government of President Xi Jinping has been promoting traditional Chinese culture and religions. And you see that he has officially, sort of, endorsed Confucianism and has said nice things about Buddhism, and Daoism also as a traditional Chinese religion is more favored. More money is flowing to temples. Its easier to get permits to build. Its really on the upswing in China. Theres something else going too. A lot of people, especially after 35 years of growing prosperity, are interested in wellness and taking care of their health and their body. And these practices, which in Chinese are called yang-sheng, these are primarily Daoist. So, Daoist temples are offering courses in wellness, health, nutrition, meditation, tai chi, and things like that. So, I really think Daoism is slowly finding a foothold in modern China.
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